ABSTRACT
Los factores pronósticos son parámetros posibles de ser cuantificados en el momento del diagnóstico y sirven como predictores de sobrevida en el paciente. Por tal razón, en este estudio se buscó evaluar la sobrevida y los factores pronósticos de caninos con cetoacidosis diabética (CAD), que es considerada una emergencia médica caracterizada por alteraciones metabólicas extremas y de alta mortalidad. En 16 caninos con CAD se obtuvieron datos epidemiológicos (sexo, edad, raza y peso), signos clínicos, alteraciones observadas al examen físico, hemograma completo (incluyendo recuento de plaquetas), bioquímica sérica básica (glucosa, alanina aminotransferasa, fosfatasa alcalina, creatinina y úrea), urianálisis y tratamiento. Con base en los parámetros evaluados, azotemia, proteinuria, cilindruria, bacteriuria, leucocituria, reducción de la hemoglobina y de la densidad urinaria fueron considerados también como factores pronósticos negativos, asociados a la mortalidad de pacientes con CAD.
Prognostic factors are possible parameters to be measured at the moment of the diagnosis and may be useful as predictors of patients survival. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and prognostic factors of canines with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a medical emergency characterized by intense metabolic alterations and high mortality rate. Epidemiological data (sex, age, breed, and weight), clinical sings, alterations observed during the physical examination as well as complete blood count, basic serum biochemistry (glucose, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea), urinalysis and the treatment performed in 16 canines with ketoacidosis were obtained. Based on the parameters evaluated, azotemia, proteinuria, urinary casts, bacteriuria, leukocyturia, decrease of hemoglobin and urine specific gravity were also considered as negative prognostic factors, associated to patient mortality in patients with DKA.
ABSTRACT
A cetoacidose diabética (CAD), uma das complicações metabólicas em pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM), caracteriza-se por hipercetonemia e alterações do equilíbrio ácido-base, juntamente com as alterações clínicas e laboratoriais compatíveis. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma revisão crítica dos principais pontos da etiopatogenia, dos sinais clínicos e das alterações laboratoriais da CAD, bem como discorrer sobre prognóstico e modalidades terapêuticas mais recentes, visando a fornecer subsídios ao clínico de pequenos animais.
The diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), one of the metabolic complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), is characterized by hiperketonemia and acid-basic disturbances, in association with suitable clinic and laboratorial changes. This research aims to present a critical review on the main aspects of ethiopathogenesis, clinical sings and laboratorial changes of DKA, as well as the prognosis and the most recent therapeutic manners, in order to provide assistance to the small animal clinic.